| Name | Kingdom |
| Aelle | Sussex |
| Ceawlin | Wessex |
| Aethelbert I | Kent |
| Redwald | East Anglia |
| Edwin | Northumbria |
| Oswald | Northumbria |
| Oswy | Northumbria |
| Offa | Mercia |
| Egbert | Wessex |
The kingdom of Northumbria, the most northern of the Saxon Heptarchy, was formed when Bernicia and Deira were united. Its most powerful period was during the C7th under Edwin, Oswald and Oswy but it declined after the latter's death and became part of the Viking kingdom of York after the last recorded king, Egbert II, died around 878.
| Ida of Bernicia | 547-59 | Bearnoch | |
| Glappa | 559-60 | Son of Ida | |
| Adda | 560-8 | '' | |
| Aethelric | 568-72 | '' | |
| Theodric | 572-9 | '' | |
| Frithuwald | 579-85/6 | '' | |
| Hussa | 585/6-92/3 | '' | |
| Aethelfrith | 593-616 | son of Aethelric | 1 Bebba
2 Acha daughter of Aelle of Deira 3 ? |
| Edwin | 616-33 | Son of Aelle of Deira | Aethelburh daughter of Aethelbehrt I Kent |
| Eanfrith | 633-4 | Son of Aethelfrith + 1 | Pictish princess |
| St Oswald | 634-41 | son of Aethelfrith + 2 | Cyneburg, daughter of Cynegils of Wessex |
| Oswy | 641-70 | Son of Aethelfrith + 3 | 1 Rhiainfellt of Rheged (Riemmelth)
2 Eanfled of Deira 3 Fina (mistress) |
| Aethelwald | c 651-4 Bernicia | nephew of Eanfrith | |
| Ecgfrith | 670-85 | Son of Oswy + 2 | 1 Aethelthryth (Etheldreda) d of Anna of East Anglia
2 Eormenburg |
| Aldfrith | 685-704 | Son of Oswy + 3 | Cuthburh, sister of Ine of Wessex |
| Osred I | 704-16 | Son of Aldfrith | |
| Coenred | 716-8 | son of Cuthwine, descendant of Ida | |
| Osric | 718-29 | Gs of Oswy | |
| Ceolwulf | 729-37 d 760, a monk | brother of Coenred | |
| Eadbehrt | 737-58 d 768 | cousin of Ceolwulf | |
| Oswulf | 758-9 | son of Eadbehrt | Ricthryth |
| Aethelwald Moll | 759-65 | Aethelthryth | |
| Alchred | 765-74 | Desc of Ida of Bernicia | Osgyfu d of Oswulf |
| Aethelred I | 774-778/9 | 2 Aelfflaed, daughter of Offa of Mercia | |
| Aelfwald I | 778/9-88 | son of Oswulf | |
| Osred II | 788-92 | son of Alhred | |
| Egbert II | 876-8 |
| Ragnald | c 919 | ||
| Edgar | 957 + Eng, Mercia | 1 Aethelflead 2 Wulfthryth
3 Aelfthryth of Devon |
|
| Thored | c 970 | ||
| Waltheof | -1006 beyond Tees | ||
| Uhtred | 1006-16 | son of Waltheof | 1 Ecgthryth of Durham 2 Sigen 3 Aelfgifu, daughter of Eththelred II of England |
| Eadwulf | 1016 beyond Tees | son of Waltheof | |
| Aldred | -1038 | son of Uhtred (1st m) | |
| Eadwulf | 1038-41 beyond Tees | son of Uhtred (1st m) | |
| Siward | 1041-55 | Aelfflaed, daughter of Aldred | |
| Earl Tostig | dep 1065 | brother of Harold II of England | Judith, daughter of Baldwin IV of Flanders |
| Morcar | 1065-6 dep | son of Aelfgar of Mercia | |
| Gospatric | 1068 + Dunbar | grandson of Uhtred | |
| Oswulf | 1068 beyond Tees | son of Eadwulf | |
| Waltheof | 1072-6 (+ H'don) | son of Siward | Judith, neice of William I of England |
| Yffe/Yffi | -560 | ||
| Aelle/Aelli | 560-88 | son of Yffe | |
| Edwin | Son of Aelle | 1 Cwenburg of Mercia
2 Ethelburga of Kent |
|
| Osric | 632-3 | son of Aelfric, Aelle's brother | |
| Oswine | 644-killed 651 | son of Osric | |
| Ethelwald of Bernicia | 651-654 annexed to Bernicia | Son of St Oswald | |
| Ahlfrith | 54-664 sub king | son of Oswy of Northumbria | |
| Aelfwine | killed 679 sub-king | brother Ahlfrith |
| Aescwine | C527-87 | ||
| Sledda | C587-pre604 | Son of A | Ricula d of Eormenric of Kent |
| Saebert | Pre 604-616/7 | Son of Sledda | |
| Saexred
Saeward Name unknown |
616/7 | 3 sons of Saebert | |
| Sigebehrt I 'the Little' | 617-pre653 | Son of Saeward | |
| Sigebehrt II 'the Good' | 653-60 | Son of Sexbald bro of Saebert | |
| Swithhelm | 660-5 | Bro of Sigebehrt II | |
| Sebbi +
Sighere |
665-95
665-83 |
Bro of Sigebehrt I
Son of Sigebehrt I |
St Osyth, dau Frithwold, sub-king of Surrey |
| Sigeheard +
Swaefred |
c695-pre709 | Sons of Sebbi | |
| Offa | c 709 abd to be monk | Son of Sighere | Cyneswith, daughter of Penda of Mercia |
| Saelred | 709-46 | Son (gs/ggs?) of Sigebehrt II | |
| Swithred | 746-758+ | S of Sigemund, s of Sigeheard | |
| Sigeric | 758+-798 | Son of Saelred | |
| Sigered | 798-825 submitted to Egbert of Wessex |
| Creoda | C585-93 | ||
| Pybba | 593-c606 | Son of Creoda | |
| Ceorl | Kinsman of P | ||
| Penda | 632-54 | son of Pybba | Cynewise |
| Peada | 654-6 + Mid Ang | son of Penda | Alhflead, daughter of Oswy of Northumbria |
| Wulfhere | 657-74 | Son of Penda | Eormenhild/Eormengild d E'behrt of Kent |
| Aethelred | 675-704 | Osthryth/Osthryd d Oswy N'bria | |
| Merewala | c 700 East Mercia | Eormenburh d E'raed of Kent | |
| Coenred | 704-9 abd to be monk | son of Wulfhere | |
| Ceolred | 709-16 | son of Aethelred | Waerburh/Werburg/Werburga |
| Ethelbald | 716-57 | Ggs of Pybba | |
| Beornred | 757 | ||
| Offa | 757-96 | Descended from Eawa, son of Pybba | Cynethryth |
| Ecgfrith | 796 | son of Offa | |
| Coenwulf | 796-821 | Descended from Cenwalh, son of Pybba | Aelfthryth |
| Ceolwulf I | 821-after 823 | Brother of Coenwulf | |
| Wiglaf | 827-40 | Aelflead, daughter of Ceolwulf I | |
| Beorhtwulf | 840-52 | ||
| Burgred/Burhred | 852- | Aethelswith, sister of Alfred the Great | |
| Ceolwulf II | 873-c83 |
| Edgar | 957 + Eng, N'bria | ||
| Leofwine | -c 1023 | Ealdorman of Hwicce | |
| Leofric | c 1023-57 earl of M | son of Leofwine | Godgifu (Lady Godiva) |
| Aelfgar | 1051-7-65 + E Ang | son of Leofric | Aelfgifu |
| Edwin | 1065-6 d 1071 | son of Aelfgar | |
The kings of the East Angles were called the Wuffings after Wuffa who probably founded the kingdom. His grandson Redwald is probably the man buried at Sutton Hoo in Suffolk. The last king was St Edmund who was killed by the Danes in 869.
| Wuffa | 571-8 | ||
| Tytila | 578-93 | Son of Wuffa | |
| Redwald | 593-617 | Son of Tytila | |
| Earpwald | 617-627/8 | Son of Redwald | |
| Sigeberht | 631-4 abd to be monk | Stepson of Redwald | |
| Ecgric | 634-5 | Kinsman of Sigebehrt | |
| Anna | C635-654 | Son of Eni bro of Redwald | Saewara |
| Aethelhere (Aethelric?) | 654 | Bro of Anna | Hereswith, ggd of Aelle of Deira; sister of Hilda of Whitby |
| Aethelwold | 654-663/4 | Bro of Anna | |
| Ealdwulf (Aldwulf) | 663-713 | Son of Aethelhere/ric | |
| Aelfwold (Alfwold) | 713-49 | Son (or bro) of Ealdwulf | |
| St Edmund | 855-69/70 |
| Ulfcytel | c 1000 | Wulfhild, daughter of Eththelred the Unready | |
| Harold | 1045 + England and Mercia | son of Godwin of Wessex | Ealdgyth, daughter of Aelfgar of Mercia |
| Gyrth | 1057-66 died at Hastings | brother of Harold |
Before about 449, the founder of the kingdom, Hengest, and his brother, Horsa, were invited to come from Jutland to help the British king, Vortigern, defend himself against the Picts and Scots. The ruling family were called 'Oiscings' after Hengest's son, Oeric Oisc.
| Hengest | 455-88 | Son of Wihtgils | |
| Aesc (Oeric Oisc) | 488-512 | Son of Hengest | |
| Octa | 512-40 | Son of Aesc | |
| Eormenric | 540-60 | Son of Octa | |
| Aethelbehrt I | 560-616 | Son of Eormenric | Bertha, daughter of Caribert I, King of Paris?
2 name unknown |
| Eadbald | 616-40 | son of Aethelbert I | 1 stepmother '?'
2 Emma (Ymme) d of Clothacar (Clotaire) King of the Franks |
| Eorcenberht | 640-64 | Younger son of Eadbald | Seaxburh d Anna of East Anglia |
| Eormenraed | joint king? | Elder son of Eadbald | Oslafa/Oslava |
| Egbert I | 664-73 | son of Eorcenbehrt | |
| Hlothhere
Swaebhard |
673-85
676-92 |
son of Eorcenbehrt
son of Sebbi of Essex |
|
| Eadric | 674-86 joint king | son of Egbert | |
| Oswini | 688-9 joint king | ||
| Wihtred | 690-725 | son of Egbert | 1 Cynegyth
2 Ethelburga 3 Werberga |
| Aethelbehrt II
Eadbehrt II Alric |
725-62
725-48 725- |
Son of Wihtred + 1
'' Son of Wihtred + 3 |
|
| Eardwulf | c 747-jointly | Son of Eadbehrt I | |
| Egbert II | 765-80 | Son of Aethelbehrt II | |
| Ealhmund | Fl 784/6 sub king | Son of Eafa of Wessex | Dau of Aethelbert II? |
| Eadbehrt II Praen | 796-8 | Son of Aethelbehrt II | |
| Cuthred | 798-807 | bro of Coenwulf + CeolwulfI of Mercia | |
| Baldred | -825 driven out by E III | ||
| Egbert III | 825-39 (also Wessex + England) | Son of Ealhmund | Raedburh/Redburga |
| Aethelstan | 839-51 sub-king + Essex, Surrey, Sussex | Son or gs of Egbert III Bro (or uncle) of Alfred the Great |
The kingdom of the West Saxons, founded by Cerdic, expanded to cover most of southern England during the C6th and 7th. Under Egbert (802-39) it also gained control of Northumbria and Mercia. The later kings are also credited as the first kings of all England but Wessex declined after the death of Edgar in 975 and the throne was later lost to Danish invaders.
| Cerdic | 519-34 | Came to Britain c 495 | - |
| Creoda | Son of Cerdic | - | |
| Cynric | d 560 | son of Creoda or Cerdic | - |
| Ceawlin | 560-92 | son of Cynric | - |
| Ceol | 591-7 | son of Cutha, brother of Ceawlin | - |
| Ceolwulf | 597-611 | brother of Ceol | - |
| Cynegils | 611-41 | son of Ceolwulf or Ceol | - |
| Coenbehrt | d 661 sub king | grandson of Ceawlin | |
| Cenwalh | 641-72 | son of Cynegils | Dau Pybba of Mercia
2? Seaxburh |
| Seaxburh/Sexburga | 672-3/4 | Widow of Cenwalh | |
| Cenfus | 673/4 | Son of Cenferth s of Cuthgils, s of Ceolwulf | |
| Aescwine | 674-6 | Son of Cenfus | |
| Centwine | 676-85 | Bro of Cenwalh | |
| Caedwalla | 685-8 abd to go to Rome as pilgrim | son of Coenbehrt | Centhryth |
| Ine | 688-726 abd to go to Rome as pilgrim | son of Cenred, desc of Ceawlin | Ethelburga |
| Ethelheard | 726-40 | Bro of Ethelburga
Desc of Cerdic |
Frithugyth |
| Cuthred | 740-56 | Claimed desc from Cerdic (maybe bro of E) | |
| Sigebehrt | 756-7 dep | '' | |
| Cynewulf | 757-86 | '' | |
| Beohrtric | 786-802 | Bro of Cynewulf? | Eadburh, daughter of Offa of Mercia |
| Egbert | 802-39 + England | Son of Ealhmund, sub-king in Kent | Redburga |
| Earl Godwine | 1018-53 | Father of Harold II of England | Gytha, daughter of Jarl Thorgils |
The kings of Wessex became overlords of all the Saxon kingdoms and were later recognised as kings of all England with the other kingdoms remaining as earldoms. Princes of the royal family were called 'Athelings' because they descended from Aethelwulf.
| Aethelwulf | 839-58 (England) | Son of Egbert | 1 Osburga d of Oslac
2 Judith d of Charles the Bald King of The Franks |
| Aethelbald | 858-60 | 1st s of Aethelwulf + 1 | Judith, his stepmother |
| Aethelbehrt | 860-5 | 2nd s of Aethelwulf + 1 | |
| Aethelred I | 865-71 | 3rd s of Aethelwulf + 1 | Wulfthryth |
| Alfred the Great | 871-99 | Son of Aethelwulf + 1 | Ealhswith d Ethelred Mucil of the Gaini (Mercia) |
| Edward the Elder | 899-924 | son of Alfred the Great | 1 Ecgwynn/Egwina
2 Aelflead/Elfleda 3 Eadgifu |
| Athelstan | 924-39 | son of Edward + 1 | dnm |
| Edmund I 'the Magnificent' | 939-46 | son of Edward + 3 | 1 Aelfgifu (St Elfgiva)
2 Aethelflead of Darmerham |
| Eadred | 946-55 | son of Edward + 3 | Dnm |
| Eadwig/Edwy | 955-59 | son of Edmund I + 1 | Aelfgifu, his cousin (illegal) |
| Edgar 'the Peaceful' | 959-75 | son of Edmund I + 1 | 1Aethelflead/Ethelfleda d Ordmaer
2Wulfthryth/Wulfthrith 3 Aelfthryth/Elfrida d of Ordgar of Devon |
| Edward the Martyr | 975-78 | son of Edgar + 1 | - |
| Ethelred II the Unready (Redeless - 'lacking counsel') | 978-1016 | son of Edgar + 2 | 1 Aelflead (Elfgiva?) of Northumbria
2 Emma dau Richard I of Normandy |
| Edmund II Ironside | 1016 | son of Ethelred + 1 | Ealdgyth/Edith, widow of Sigeferth s of Earngrim |
| Canute (Cnut) the Dane | 1017-35 | son of Sweyn Forkbeard | 1 Alfgifu of Northampton
2 Emma of Normandy |
| Harold I Harefoot | 1035-40 | 2nd son of Canute + 1 | dnm |
| Hardicanute (Harthacnut) | 1040-42 | Son of Canute + 2 | Dnm |
| Edward the Confessor | 1042-66 | 2nd s of Ethelred II + 2 | Edith, sis of Harold II |
| Harold II | 1066 defeated at Hastings by William the Conqueror | 2nd son of Godwin of Wessex | Ealdgyth d Alfgar of Mercia
Eadgyth Swan-neck |
This collection of names was compiled by Kate Monk and is ©1997, Kate Monk.
Copies may be made for personal use only.